The overall system performance is determined by the accuracy of the signals converted by the ADC and DAC. In high-performance data converter design, achieving high performance and reliability is challenging due to issues such as mismatches in IC-implemented transistors, resistors, and capacitors, as well as power/substrate noise and various parasitic components. The delta-sigma converter overcomes the limitations of traditional methods by applying digital signal processing algorithms to circuit design.

With the rapid acceleration of portability in electronic devices, there has been a surge in battery-powered portable devices. Key challenges in this context include supplying a stable voltage to the system despite the continuous discharge of the battery, as well as designing efficient power management systems to maximize battery life. To address these issues, the importance of power management units, such as switch-mode DC-DC converters like buck and boost circuits, has become increasingly significant.